Mota dzemagetsi dzine simba rekuchaja dzinokwanisa kushandiswa kupinza magetsi mudzimba, kudzosera simba mugedhi, uye kutopa simba rekuchengetedza magetsi panguva yekudzima kwemagetsi kana njodzi. Mota dzemagetsi dzine mabhatiri makuru ari pamavhiri, saka machaja anotenderera maviri anobvumira mota kuchengetedza magetsi asingadhuri, zvichideredza mari yemagetsi emumba. Iyi tekinoroji iri kubuda, inozivikanwa sevehicle-to-grid (V2G), ine mukana wekuchinja mashandiro anoita grid redu remagetsi, nemotokari dzemagetsi makumi ezviuru dzinogona kupa magetsi panguva imwe chete panguva yekudiwa kwakanyanya.
Inoshanda sei?
Chaja yemagetsi ine divi rimwe chete (bidirectional charger) ichaja yemagetsi ine mota yepamusoro (EV) inokwanisa kuchaja kumativi ese ari maviri. Izvi zvinganzwika zviri nyore, asi zvinosanganisira maitiro akaoma ekushandura simba kubva pakuchinjana kwemagetsi (AC) kuenda kumagetsi akananga (DC), kusiyana nechaja yemagetsi ine divi rimwe chete inoshandisa AC.
Kusiyana nemacharger eEV akajairwa, macharger emagetsi anoshanda zvakafanana nema inverters, achishandura AC kuita DC panguva yekuchaja uye zvinopesana panguva yekuburitsa magetsi. Zvisinei, macharger emagetsi anogona kushandiswa chete nemotokari dzinoenderana neDC charging yemagetsi maviri. Zvinosuwisa kuti huwandu hwema EVs anokwanisa kuchaja magetsi maviri pari zvino hudiki kwazvo. Nekuti macharger emagetsi maviri akaomarara, anodhurawo zvakanyanya kupfuura macharger emagetsi emagetsi akajairwa, sezvo achishandisa ma electronics emagetsi ekugadzirisa simba remotokari kuti atarisire kufamba kwesimba remotokari.
Pakupa simba kudzimba, macharger eEV anotungamira mativi maviri anobatanidzawo michina yekutarisira mitoro uye kuparadzanisa imba kubva pagrid panguva yekudzima kwemagetsi, chiitiko chinozivikanwa se islanding. Nheyo huru yekushanda kwecharger yeEV inotungamira mativi maviri yakafanana zvikuru neye bidirectional inverter, iyo inoshanda senzvimbo yekuchengetedza simba mumasisitimu ekuchengetera mabhatiri epamba.
Chinangwa chekuchaja mativi maviri ndechei?
Machaja ane nzira mbiri anogona kushandiswa pakushandisa zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana. Chekutanga uye chinonyanya kukosha iVehicle-to-grid, kana kuti V2G, yakagadzirirwa kuendesa kana kuburitsa simba kugrid kana kudiwa kwacho kwakanyanya. Kana zviuru zvemotokari dzine V2G dzakaiswa mukati uye dzakabatidzwa, izvi zvinogona kuchinja zvakanyanya machengeterwo nekugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Mota dzemagetsi dzine mabhatiri makuru uye ane simba, saka simba rese rezviuru zvemotokari dzine V2G rinogona kunge rakakura. Cherechedza kuti V2X izwi rinoshandiswa kutsanangura magadzirirwo matatu ari kukurukurwa pazasi:
I. Mota-ku-grid kana V2G - Simba remagetsi rekutsigira grid.
II. Mota kuenda kumba kana V2H - Simba remagetsi rinoshandiswa kuendesa magetsi kudzimba kana kumabhizinesi.
III. Mota-yekutakura kana V2L - MaEV anogona kushandiswa kupinza magetsi mumidziyo yemagetsi kana kuchaja dzimwe mota dzemagetsi.
Kushandiswa kwechipiri kwechaja yemagetsi ine nzira mbiri ndeyekushandisa mota kubva kumba kuenda kumba, kana kuti V2H. Sezvinoreva zita racho, V2H inoita kuti mota dzemagetsi dzishandiswe senzira yemabhatiri epamba kuchengetedza simba rezuva rakawandisa uye kupa simba kumba kwako. Semuenzaniso, sisitimu yemabhatiri epamba, senge Tesla Powerwall, ine simba re13.5 kWh. Kana tichienzanisa, mota yemagetsi ine simba re65 kWh, rinoda kuenzana neTesla Powerwalls shanu. Nekuda kwesimba rayo guru remabhatiri, kana ikasanganiswa nesimba rezuva repadenga, mota yemagetsi ine simba rakazara inogona kupa simba imba yemazuva akati wandei kana kupfuura.
1. Mota-ku-grid- V2G
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) zvinoreva tsika yekupa chikamu chidiki chesimba rakachengetwa kubva kubhatiri remota yemagetsi mugrid kana uchida. Kutora chikamu muchirongwa cheV2G kunoda charger yeDC inotungamira nemota yemagetsi inoenderana. Pane zvinokurudzira, zvakaita semakiredhiti kana mitengo yemagetsi yakaderera kune varidzi veEV. MaEV ane V2G anobvumirawo varidzi kutora chikamu muzvirongwa zveVPP (Vehicle Power Supply) kuti vawedzere kugadzikana kwegrid uye kupa simba panguva dzekudiwa kwakanyanya.
Pasinei nekukurumbira kuripo, chimwe chezvinetso zvekutanga tekinoroji yeV2G idambudziko remitemo uye kushaikwa kwemaitiro ekuchaja emagetsi maviri akaenzana uye maconnector. Machaja emagetsi maviri anoenderana, akadai sema solar inverters, anoonekwa seimwe nzira yekugadzira magetsi uye anofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yese yekuchengetedza uye kudzimwa kwemagetsi kana grid ikakundikana. Kuti vakunde matambudziko aya, vamwe vagadziri vemotokari, vakaita seFord, vakagadzira masisitimu ekuchaja emagetsi maviri akajeka anoshanda chete neFord EVs kumagetsi, pane kupa magetsi kugrid.
2. Mota yekuenda Kumba- V2H
Mota-kuenda-Kumba (V2H) yakafanana neV2G, asi simba rinoshandiswa munharaunda kupa simba mumba pane kuiswa mugrid. Izvi zvinobvumira mota dzemagetsi kushanda sehurongwa hwemabhatiri epamba, zvichibatsira kuvandudza kuzviriritira, kunyanya kana zvabatanidzwa nesimba rezuva repadenga. Zvisinei, bhenefiti iri pachena yeV2H kugona kwayo kupa simba rekuchengetedza panguva yekudzimwa kwemagetsi.
Kuti V2H ishande zvakanaka, inverter inoenderana nemativi maviri nemimwe michina inodiwa, kusanganisira chiyereso chemagetsi (chine transformer yemagetsi) chakaiswa panzvimbo yekubatanidza mains. Chiyereso chemagetsi chinotarisa kufamba kwesimba chichipinda nekubuda mugrid. Kana sisitimu ikaona kuti imba yako iri kushandisa simba regrid, inopa chiratidzo kune charger yemagetsi maviri kuti ibudise huwandu hwakaenzana hwemagetsi kuti ibvise chero simba rinotorwa kubva mugrid. Saizvozvowo, sisitimu painoona simba rinobuda kubva padenga re solar photovoltaic array, inoichinja kuti ichajise EV, sezvinoita charger yemagetsi yakangwara.
Kuti magetsi ashande panguva yekudzima kwemagetsi kana njodzi, sisitimu yeV2H inofanira kuona nzvimbo iri kunyura kubva pagrid uye kuparadzanisa imba kubva pagrid. Kana yangoiswa panzvimbo iyi, inverter inoshanda seinverter isina grid, inofambiswa nebhatiri reEV. Mimwe michina yekudzikisa grid, yakaita seautomatic contactors (ATS), inodiwa kuti ishande panzvimbo iyi, sezvinoita mahybrid inverters anoshandiswa mumasystem emagetsi ezuva.
3. Mota yekutakura - V2L
Tekinoroji yeMota-Kutakura (V2L) iri nyore nekuti haidi charger yedivi rimwe chete. Mota dzine V2L dzine inverter yakabatana inopa simba reAC kubva kune imwe kana kupfuura ma outlet akajairwa mumota, ayo anogona kushandiswa kubatanidza chero mudziyo wepamba. Zvisinei, dzimwe mota dzinoshandisa adapta yeV2L yakakosha inobatanidzirwa muchiteshi chekuchaja chemota yemagetsi kuti ipe simba reAC. Kana paine emergency, tambo yekuwedzera inogona kutambanudzwa kubva mumota kuenda kumba kuti ishandise zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita semwenje, makomputa, mafiriji, nemidziyo yekubikisa.
V2L inoshandiswa pakushandisa simba risiri pagrid uye rekuchengetedza
Mota dzine V2L dzinogona kushandisa tambo dzekuwedzera kuti dzipe simba rekuchengetedza magetsi pakushandisa midziyo yemagetsi yakasarudzwa. Neimwe nzira, switch yeAC inogona kushandiswa kubatanidza simba reV2L zvakananga kune backup distribution panel, kana kunyange kune main distribution panel.
Mota dzine V2L dzinogonawo kubatanidzwa mumagetsi ezuva anoshandiswa kunze kwegrid kuderedza kana kutobvisa kudiwa kwejenareta rekuchengetedza. Mazhinji emagetsi ezuva anoshandiswa kunze kwegrid anosanganisira bidirectional inverter, iyo inogona kushandisa simba kubva kune chero AC source, kusanganisira mota dzine V2L. Zvisinei, inoda kuiswa uye kugadziriswa nenyanzvi yesimba rezuva kana nyanzvi yemagetsi ine hunyanzvi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro akachengeteka.
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Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-26-2025
